Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels

Preface ................................................................................................ xiv 1. Ca2+ Chemistry Storage and Transport in Biologic Systems: An Overview .......................................................................................... 1 Tashi G. Kinjo and Paul P.M. Schnetkamp Why Ca2+ Unique Chemical and Physical Features ............................... 1 Ca2+ Evolution a Rejection from Cytoplasm .......................................... 2 Ca2+ Signaling and Storage the Endoplasmic Recticulum ...................... 2 The Role of Ca2+ within the ER ............................................................ 3 ER Heterogeneity Ca2+ Tunneling Versus Ca2+ Compartmentalization .............................................................. 3 Ca2+ Signaling and Storage Mitochondria ............................................. 4 Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake Function and Effects ................................. 4 Ca2+ Buffering; Cytosolic and Lumenal ................................................. 5 Channels that Lead to an Increase in Cytosolic Ca2+ .......................................... 5 Intracellular Ca2+ Release Channels ....................................................... 6 Plasma Membrane Ca2+ Channels ......................................................... 7 Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels ........................................................ 7 P2X Receptors ....................................................................................... 7 SOCE and the TRP Gene Family ......................................................... 8 Mechanisms of Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry ........................................... 8 Mechanisms to Lower Cytosolic Ca2+ .......................................................................... 8 PMCA Gene Family .............................................................................. 9 SERCA Gene Family ............................................................................. 9 NCX Gene Family ................................................................................ 9 NCKX Gene Family.............................................................................. 9 2. Monitoring Intracellular Ca2+ in Brain Slices with Fluorescent Indicators .................................................................. 12 Sean J. Mulligan and Brian A. MacVicar Ca2+ Sensitive Fluorescent Chemical Indicators ................................... 12 Single-Wavelength Probes ................................................................... 13 Dual-Wavelength Ratiometric Probes ................................................. 15 Ca2+ Binding Affinity .......................................................................... 16 Ca2+ Indicator Form ............................................................................ 18 Dextran Conjugates ............................................................................. 18 AM-Esters ........................................................................................... 20 Quantitative Measurement of [Ca2]]i .................................................. 21 3. A Brief History of Calcium Channel Discovery .................................... 27 Richard W. Tsien and Curtis F. Barrett The Key Role of Ca2+ Channels in Cellular Signaling .......................... 27 The Winding Road of Calcium Channel Discovery ............................ 30 The Diversity of Native Ca2+ Channel Currents .................................. 36 4. Biochemical Studies of Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels .......................... 48 William A. Catterall Purification and Bioche