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Omschrijving

Physical education and sports were a central feature in the social and cultural landscape of German occupied France. Despite the hardships of the war, hundreds of thousands of young French men and women competed in local athletic associations. Sport and physical culture in Occupied France explores the growth of wartime French sports as a top-down and bottom-up phenomenon.

Between 1940 and 1944, the Vichy regime expanded the country's physical education and sports expenditures, placing physical culture at the centre of an ambitious program of national regeneration. A new Sports Ministry, the Commissariat général à l'éducation générale et aux sports, flourished under the leadership of the charismatic tennis superstar Jean Borotra. Local and regional officials spent lavishly, hiring new gym teachers, sponsoring sporting associations, and building athletic facilities. The state's dramatic investment inaugurated a golden age, but if the regime's growing intervention into physical culture suggests an expansion of state power, its reliance on local and regional stakeholders empowered ordinary people to organise, contest the political goals of the regime, acquire state resources, and use those funds for their own ends.

Examining both state efforts to politicise sports as part of the National Revolution and French people's role in complicating those efforts, this book reveals an 'Innovative France' where individuals and organisations learned to survive and even thrive despite the dual authoritarian regimes of the German Occupation and the Vichy government.